: I would agree that there is the undeniable undertone of predestination in the book. Clearly, there is some higher power that sets events in motion. It is, however, the individual character's choices that influence which direction these events will take. Thus, Frodo is "meant" to inherit the Ring and "meant" to undertake the daunting task of destroying. But he must make the choice to do so. Gandalf does not tell him that he must do it; he guides his decision, but in the end it is Frodo's decision solely.

Good point. The term "predestination" may be an inappropriate term to use in regards to Tolkien's world. That there ARE greater forces in play, helping shape the course of events in Middle Earth is not in question: the Dooms of Mandos may _know_ what course an Elf or Man may take, but it is still their choice. Without choice, LOTR would be far less interesting story, and I think we all sense it at some level.

The clearest example I can find of the role of free choice in Tolkien's world is a passage from Appendix A, regarding the history of Arnor and its last King, Arvedui:

"Arevedui was indeed the last king, as his name signifies, It is said that this name was given to him at his birth by Malbeth the Seer, who said to his father: 'Arvedui you shall call him, for he will be the last in Arthedain. Though a choice will come to the Dunedain, and if they take the one that seems less hopeful, then your son will change his name and become king of a great realm. If not, then much sorrow and many lives of men shall pass, until the Dunedain arise and are united again."

The Dunedain, of course chose poorly, as his name suggested they would, but the alternative -- for Gondor to accept Arevedui's claim to united kingship of both realms after the death of King Ondoher and his sons -- was never closed off.

Oberon