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Eriador in the Third Age -- Where People Lived

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  Posted by Michael Martinez on December 15, 1999 at 02:05:05


It gets confusing for me every time I start to discuss what happened to Eriador's populations, so I'm going to start experimenting with some table formats to see if I can bring some clarity to the picture. Comments and questions welcomed. The table will proceed from west to east, north to south.

Mixed People are assumed to be Dunadan/Beorian and/or Dunadan/Gwathuirim.

 Location          People            From      To -------------------------------------------------------------- North Lowlands    Borians              1?   1636? (See note 1) Emyn Uial         Dunedain             1     863? Annuminas         Dunedain             1     863? (See note 2)                   Mixed People         1     863? (See note 2) North Downs       Dunedain             1    1974                   Mixed People         1    1974 Fornost Erain     Dunedain             1    1974                   Mixed People         1    1974 Angmar            Angmarians           1?   1974                   Orcs              1300?   1974                   Trolls            1300?   1974 East Lowlands     Easterlings?         1?   1300? (See note 3)                   Harfoots           1050   1300                   Fallohides         1150   1300                   Nandor?              1?   1300? (See note 4)                   High Elves?          1?   1300? (See note 4) Ettenmoors        Trolls               1?   3021                   Giants?           1300?   3021? (See note 5) North Rhudaur     Dunedain             1    1409                   Hill-folk            1    1409                   Angmarians        1409    1409 Trollshaws        Hill-folk            1    1409                   Angmarians        1409    1409 Imladris          High Elves           1    3021 Shire             Dunedain             1     863? (See note 6)                   Beorians             1?    863?                   Mixed People         1?    863?                   Harfoots          1601    3021                   Fallohides        1601    3021                   Stoors            1630    3021 Midlands          Beorians             1    1974                   Mixed People         1    1974                   Harfoots          1300    1636? (See note 7)                   Fallohides        1300    1636? (See note 7) Buckland          Stoors            2340    3021 Tyrn Gorthad      Beorians             1    1636                   Dunedain             1    1636                   Mixed People         1    1636 Bree-land         Gwathuirim           1    3021                   Harfoots          1300    3021                   Fallohides        1300    3021 The Angle         Dunedain             1    1409                   Stoors            1150    1356                   Angmarians        1409    1409 South Downs       Dunedain             1    1409 Minhiriath        Dunedain             1    1636                   Gwathuirim           1    1636? (See note 8)                   Mixed People         1    1636? (See note 8) Tharbad           Dunedain             1    2912                   Gwathuirim           1    2912  (See note 9)                   Mixed People         1    2912  (See note 9)   --------------------------------------------------------------

Terms:

North Lowlands -- The lands north of Emyn Uial and the North Downs East Lowlands -- The lands between the Weather Hills and Mitheithel North Rhudaur -- The lands north of the Trollshaws to the Ettenmoors Midlands -- The lands north of Bree, south of Fornost, from Baranduin to the Weather Hills Minhiriath -- The lands between Baranduin and Gwathlo, as far east as the Greenway

Notes:

1) The Borians were Easterlings, Swarthy Men, who settled in northern Eriador in the First Age. The Folk of Bor passed north around the Ered Luin and settled in Lothlann, north of Himring, as subjects of Maedhros. Although this clan or tribe was wiped out during the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, a note in THE WAR OF THE JEWELS indicates that other clans related to the Folk of Bor remained in Eriador, and they were the ancestors of the northernmost Men to live in Eriador in the Second Age.

That these Borians would have survived into the Third Age is purely speculative, but if they did, it seems probable they either became the Lossoth (who were said to be a remnant of the Forodwaith of the First Age) or else they died out some time before the final war with Angmar. If they died out, the latest probable date for their demise seems to be 1636, when the Great Plague swept across Eriador, although Tolkien says the plague lessened in intensity as it passed north.

2) "The Heirs of Elendil" in THE PEOPLES OF MIDDLE-EARTH suggests, in the entry for Earendur, that Annuminas was deserted when his sons divided Arnor among themselves.

3) The "Easterlings" is intended to represent descendants of those Easterlings who fled Beleriand at the fall of Thangorodrim. Their descendants could have included the Men of Angmar, the Hill folk who deposed the Dunedain in Rhudaur, and any Men who might have settled in these lowlands. There is no textual evidence that Men actually lived in the East Lowlands. However, Valandur (602- 652), the eighth King of Arnor, died a violent death in 652. His death seems to imply some sort of war was fought. The most logical foe would be a tribe or nation of Easterlings living east or north of Arnor (though the presence of Elves in the East Lowlands would seem to imply the region was not unfriendly to Arnor -- see note 4).

4) Tolkien indicates that Elves continued to live throughout Eriador in at least the early part of the Third Age. Although many would have been part of Wandering Companies, the society of the Wandering Companies is not documented (were they permanently nomadic?), and it is not clear that all would have been. If they required lands of their own, the East Lowlands appear not to have been part of Elendil's realm, and a great number of Elves could have dwelt there beside Arnor at least until the end of the Second Age. In the Third Age, these should have comprised the majority of the Elves of Eriador who acknowledged Elrond's leadership. The most likely time for their departure from this region would be when Angmar arose and threatened the Dunedain and Imladris.

5) The presence of Giants is purely speculative, based on some etymological evidence and the suggestion in THE HOBBIT that Giants were not native to the Misty Mountains. When they arrived and from whence they might have come are not known. But if the Giants tended toward evil, then they may have arrived when the Lord of the Nazgul colonized the north and established the realm of Angmar.

6) Some of Elendil's people settled between Baranduin and Lhun. But when the lands became deserted is not clear. I have inferred that the abandonment of Annuminas implies these lands were deserted by then.

7) Tolkien does not say that Hobbits actually settled in the Midlands, but he does say that they migrated westward and many settled at Bree. Since not all settled at Bree, the others must have lived somewhere else. By 1300 the Hobbits appear to have begun learning how to build, and they would not have all been living in tunnels. When the non-Bree settlements vanished is not given, either. There are three logical times when these settlements could have vanished: 1600, when the Shire was colonized; 1636, during the Great Plague; 1974, when Angmar destroyed Arnor. The Great Plague seems the least likely, but if the communities had already been depleted by emigration, their populations could have died out more easily in the plague.

8) Some men continued to live in Minhiriath after the Great Plague, but Tolkien says they were very few. We know the Dunedain of Cardolan all perished in the plague, so the survivors must have been Gwathuirim or Mixed People. Since Tolkien says no other settlements of Men survived close to the Shire (outside of Bree) by the end of the Third Age, the Minhiriathians must have lived in isolated homesteads, much as the Folk of Haleth who settled south of Brethil in the First Age did. This strongly implies they were Gwathuirim.

Tolkien says in the Gwathlo essay (published in UNFINISHED TALES in the appendix to "Of the History of Galadriel and Celeborn" that there were a few secretive hunter folk still living in Minhiriath's woods at the end of the Third Age (probably close to the river and/or the sea, since most of Minhiriath was open plains). The story of the Great Plague given in Appendix A to THE LORD OF THE RINGS implies that Minhiriath suffered more than other parts of Cardolan, so some people may have survived in the South Downs, or maybe the implication just refers to Tharbad.

9) Tharbad was a Numenorean port, but it seems probable there were some Gwathuirim who settled there, and that they mingled with the Dunedain.


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